FAQs
What causes left‑sided heart failure?
Typical causes include high blood pressure, coronary artery disease, and valve problems that make the left ventricle work harder, eventually weakening its pumping ability.
How is systolic heart failure different from diastolic heart failure?
Systolic (HFrEF) occurs when the heart’s contraction is weak and the ejection fraction drops below 40 %. Diastolic (HFpEF) happens when the heart contracts normally but can’t relax enough to fill, keeping the ejection fraction normal (≥ 50 %).
What lifestyle changes help manage right‑sided heart failure?
Reduce sodium intake, stay active with low‑impact exercise, avoid smoking, limit alcohol, and monitor fluid intake. Managing any underlying lung disease or pulmonary hypertension is also crucial.
Can the same medication treat both HFrEF and HFpEF?
Recent trials show SGLT2 inhibitors improve outcomes in both HFrEF and HFpEF, but other drugs (like ACE inhibitors or ARBs) are primarily evidence‑based for HFrEF. Treatment is tailored to the specific type.
When is advanced therapy needed for heart failure?
Advanced therapies such as left‑ventricular assist devices, heart transplantation, or palliative‑care planning are considered for Stage D (refractory) heart failure when symptoms persist despite optimal medical treatment.
